References July

References July

"First Line of Defense: Cleaning Patient Rooms," by Kathryn Dix,page 16
1. Average Desk Harbors 400 Times More Bacteria Than Average ToiletSeat"
www.medicalnewsservice.com/fullstory.cfm?storyID=899&fback=yes
2. Yale-New Haven Hospital Infection Control Manual
www.med.yale.edu/ynhh/infection/precautions/housekeeping.html
3. University of Utah Linen and Environmental Services
www.med.utah.edu/environmental/services.html

"Education in Electrosurgery Technology is Key for PatientSafety," by Kelly M. Pyrek, page 18
1. www.encision.com
2. Vilos, G. How to do electrosurgery safely. Outpatient Surgery Magazine.July 2000. www.outpatientsurgery.net.
3. ibid.
4. ibid.
5. www.richardwolf.com
6. Vilos, G. How to do electrosurgery safely. Outpatient Surgery Magazine.July 2000. www.outpatientsurgery.net.

"Sticking It to Us: Implementing Sharps-Safety Interventions,"by Jenae Schlipman, page 30
1. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Frequently askedquestions. http://www.osha.gov/needlesticks/needlefaq.html
2. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). www.osha.gov
3. International Health Care Worker Safety Center. www.med.virginia.edu/medcntr/centers/epinet
4. Heinrich, J. Occupational safety: cost and benefit implications ofneedlestick prevention devices for hospitals (GAO-01-60R). United States GeneralAccounting Offices. Nov.17, 2000.
5. NIOSH Alert: preventing needlestick injuries in healthcare settings. DHHS (NIOSH)Publication 2000-108.

"Breaking the Chain of Infection," by Kelly M. Pyrek, page 46
1. University of Virginia Health System. Spread of infection. http://hsc.virginia.edu/medcntr/infection-control/ICManual/icmsspreadinfxn.html. 
2. Wenzel RP. Handwashing. In: A Guide to Infection Control in the Hospital.1998. B.C. Decker Inc. pp. 5-6.
3. City Colleges of Chicago. Chain of infection: diagram and explanation. http://faculty.ccc.edu/tr-infectioncontrol/chain.htm.
4. University of Virginia Health System. Spread of infection. http://hsc.virginia.edu/medcntr/infection-control/ICManual/icmsspreadinfxn.html
5. Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC).Principles and Practice manual, p. 1-9.
6. University of Virginia Health System. Spread of infection. http://hsc.virginia.edu/medcntr/infection-control/ICManual/icmsspreadinfxn.html 
7. City Colleges of Chicago. Chain of infection: diagram and explanation. http://faculty.ccc.edu/tr-infectioncontrol/chain.htm.

"Disinfecting Those Digits is Critical to Good Handwashing," byNancy B. Bjerke, BSN, RN, MPH, CIC, page 51
1. Rotter M. Hand washing and hand disinfection. In: Mayhall, CG, eds,Hospital Epidemiology and infection control. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams& Wilkins, 1999: 1339-1355.
2. Wen-Tsung Lo, Chih-Chien Wang, Mong-Ling Chu. A nursery outbreak of Staphylococcusaureus pyoderma originating from a nurse with paronychia. Infect ControlHosp Epidemiol. 2002;23:153-155.
3. Moolenaar RL et al. A prolonged outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in aneonatal intensive care unit: did staff fingernails play a role in diseasetransmission? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000;21:80-85.
4. Larson EL. APIC Guidelines for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health caresettings. AJIC. 1995;23:251-269.
5. Arnold HL, Odom RB, James WD. Andrews' diseases of the skin. 8th ed.Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1990:921-922; Scher RK, Daniel CR. Nails: therapy,diagnosis, surgery. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1990:220-222.
6. Larson EL. APIC Guidelines for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health caresettings. AJIC. 1995;23:251-269.
7. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Occupational Exposure toBloodborne Pathogens: Final Rule. Fed Reg 29 CFR Part 1910.1030. Dec 6, 1991.
8. Food and Drug Administration. 21 CFR Parts 333 and 369. Tentative FinalMonograph for Healthcare Antiseptic Drug Products; Proposed Rule. Fed Reg1994;59:31442.
9. Larson EL. APIC Guidelines for handwashing and hand antisepsis in healthcaresettings. AJIC. 1995;23:251-269.
10. Association for periOperative Registered Nurses. 2002 Standards, RecommendedPractices, and Guidelines. Recommended Practices for Surgical Hand Scrubs.Denver: AORN, Inc., 2002:255-260.
11. Larson EL. APIC Guidelines for handwashing and hand antisepsis in healthcare settings. AJIC. 1995;23:251-269.
12. The American Institute of Architects Academy of Architecture for Health.Guidelines for Design and Construction of Hospital and Health Care Facilities.2001 ed. Washington, DC: AIA, 2001.
13. Boyce JM et al. Draft Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings.2001.