Researchers Explore HCW Hand Hygiene Compliance Before an Aseptic Task

Hand hygiene (HH) monitoring by direct observation is the gold standard for compliance measure but is highly resource-consuming. Indirect indicators could help to overcome resource constraints that are identified as a major obstacle to evaluate and feedback on HH practices. HH compliance may impact on blood culture contamination (BCC) rate. Chraiti et al. (2013) sought to explore the association between HH compliance and BCC in a university affiliated tertiary-care hospital.

An ecological study combining prospective laboratory-based surveillance of bacteremia and repeated direct HH observation over a study period of 15 consecutive quarters between 2009 and 2012 was conducted. Each positive blood culture result was checked for aetiology using patient chart and laboratory data. HH compliance observations were conducted among all healthcare workers based on the World Health Organization HH guidelines. Probable BCC and nurse HH compliance were included in the analysis. Sub analysis included data from the intensive care unit (ICU) and the emergency room (ER).

In total, 5,388 positive blood culture episodes were identified, of which 677 (12.6%) were BCC, mainly due to skin contaminants (91%). 154 (22.7%) and 217 (32.1%) were attributed to ICU and ER, respectively. A significant trend towards less BCC was found in the ICU (IRR [95%CI]: 0.96 [0.93-0.99]; P=0.047). A total of 13,393 HH opportunities were observed in the hospital, 1882 in the ICU, and 379 in the ER. The total numbers of HH opportunities before an aseptic task for hospital, ICU, and ER were 2558, 352, and 62, respectively. Average (range) HH compliance for hospital, ICU, and ER was 0.69 (0.59-0.76; IRR: 1.01; P<0.001), 0.62 (0.53-0.70; P=0.86), and 0.50 (0.22-0.74; P=98), respectively. A significant association between HH and BCC was found in the ICU (IRR [95%CI]: 0.99 [0.98-0.99]; P=0.004). No other association was identified.

The researchers conclude that although an association for overall HH compliance and BCC was shown, this was not confirmed for the indication before an aseptic task, neither in the ER due to a lack of power. They add that this finding needs to be verified with larger samples per time unit before concluding whether useful or not.

Reference: Chraiti MN, Zingg W, Gayet-Ageron A and Pittet D. Poster presentation P216 at the  2nd International Conference on Prevention and Infection Control (ICPIC 2013): Blood culture contamination as an indicator of hand hygiene compliance. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control 2013, 2(Suppl 1):P216 doi:10.1186/2047-2994-2-S1-P216.